All about the Chardonnay grape variety

Whether you are a wine enthusiast or not, you have most likely heard of Chardonnay. And for good reason, it is  the second most planted white grape variety in the world ! This noble variety, widely established in France in various regions such as Burgundy, Champagne, Languedoc-Roussillon, as well as Loire and Jura, has also impressively spread  since the 20th century.

In this article, we will embark  on a journey to discover this fabulous grape variety and explore its origins, its taste characteristics, possible food and wine pairings, and even its serving temperature.Follow the guide!

The origins of Chardonnay 

The exact origin of a grape variety is always a complex matter. Chardonnay is no exception, and although different theories exist, it seems that it finds its roots in Burgundy, more precisely in the Mâconnais. It is indeed believed to be the result of a cross between the varieties Pinot Noir and Gouais Blanc carried out during the 16th century.

Appreciating its taste qualities, the monks then spread it across various French regions before its success became international during the  20th century. 

Today, it is (almost) the only white grape variety planted in Burgundy, a region where it represents almost half of the vineyard. Following are the regions Champagne and Languedoc-Roussillon where Chardonnay is also very present. Other wine-growing areas such as the Loire, Jura, Savoie, and even Beaujolais cultivate it.

On an international level, it is particularly present in the United States (which is the world's largest producer), but also in Chile, Argentina, Australia, and South Africa.

In any case, its success story is now beyond dispute, and Chardonnay is probably the most well-known variety worldwide!

The taste and aromas of Chardonnay

What makes Chardonnay so captivating is its ability to reflect its environment. Indeed, wines made from this grape variety vary significantly depending on the terroir, climate, or even their vinification and aging. It is most likely its brilliant adaptability that allows it to have a global reach.

To caricature, one could say that there are two main styles of Chardonnay. The first style focuses on the grape's fruity notes.The wine is generally aged in a neutral container (stainless steel tank in particular), which does not alter its intrinsic aromas. In this case, the cuvées express aromas ranging from white fruits (peach, apricot, etc.) to citrus fruits (lemon, grapefruit, etc.) and green apple. Nevertheless, even within this same style, its expression can vary considerably. For example, there is a significant aromatic difference between a Chablis Chardonnay expressing tension and minerality compared to a Languedoc Chardonnay with riper and more indulgent fruity notes.

The other style of Chardonnay is one aged in oak barrels.This style is particularly widespread in Burgundy within appellations such as Chassagne-Montrachet, Pouilly-Fuissé, and Meursault. Here, the texture on the palate will be heavier, and the fruit notes will deliciously blend with woody, spicy, buttery, and brioche-like aromas from barrel aging.

These two styles of wines also exist among Champagnes blancs de blancs (100% Chardonnay) : on one side, the mineral, fresh, and chalky Chardonnays, and on the other, those aged in barrels, expressing power and aromatic richness.

Of course, many nuances exist between these lines, bringing great joy to wine enthusiasts around the world! Thus, while there are as many Chardonnays as there are wines, you now know the main aromatic profiles of this wonderful grape variety.

What to eat with Chardonnay?

As you have understood, Chardonnay, thanks to its superb versatility, can accompany a myriad of dishes depending on its profile.

Thus, if it primarily expresses itself  with simple, mineral, and fruity notes, it will pair wonderfully with summer salads, seafood (oysters, langoustines, scallops, etc.) or even white fish like Cod or Sea Bream.

Furthermore, if it has a more powerful and woody aspect, certain white meats (chicken, pork, etc.) or fish in sauce will then combine deliciously with it. Of course, these general rules apply in the same way for a sparkling or still Chardonnay.

At what temperature should Chardonnay be served?

Due to the multitude of wine styles offered by Chardonnay, it should be served at a different temperature depending on its type.

Thus, simpler and lighter wines with fruity notes can be served between 8-10°C. Powerful and woody wines are ideal when served between 11-13°C.Indeed, if served too cold, they will not be able to reveal their full aromatic complexity, and you would miss out on part of the pleasure!

For champagnes, a temperature between 6-8°C is ideal for bubbles with light and mineral flavors. For gastronomic champagnes, 8-10°C will be an ideal range to once again best reveal all the present flavors.

All that's left is to pour yourself a glass!

What are the best Chardonnays?

While it is impossible to provide an exhaustive list of the best Chardonnays, La Cave Éclairée offers you below a selection of its finest wines and champagnes made from it. There is something for every taste and budget, so don't hesitate and be curious...We are sure you will find what you're looking for in this list!

Enjoy your tastings and see you soon at La Cave Éclairée !