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Agricultural rum: a style of its own

Agricultural rum is fundamentally different from other types of rum due to its production method, which is based on the fermentation and then direct distillation of pure sugarcane juice, known as "vesou", and not molasses as is the case for traditional or industrial rum.

This demanding method preserves all the aromatic richness of fresh cane. Once pressed, the sugarcane yields a sweet juice that is quickly fermented and then generally distilled in a Creole copper column. This process gives rise to a lively, expressive rum with vegetal, floral, and even mineral notes, highly appreciated for its complexity. Aging (in oak barrels, often ex-cognac or ex-bourbon) then allows the development of woody and spicy profiles, which become rounder depending on the maturation period and the type of oak barrels used.

Agricultural rum is closely linked to the French West Indies, and more specifically to Martinique and Guadeloupe, where it is regarded as a true cultural and agricultural heritage. Martinique is, in fact, the only region in the world to benefit from a Protected Designation of Origin (AOC) for its rum, a testament to its high standards and the recognition of its expertise.

Iconic houses such as Saint-James, Depaz, HSE (Habitation Saint-Étienne), and Neisson showcase the full diversity and quality of Martinique’s agricultural rum, each with its own distinctive style. In Guadeloupe, distilleries like Longueteau, Trois Rivières, Bologne, and Damoiseau continue this tradition with cuvées that are often more intense, characterized by the power of the sugarcane and remarkable purity. These rums reflect the terroir, the climate, and above all, the meticulous work of the distillers, offering enthusiasts spirits of great authenticity.

How is an agricultural rum made ?

In very brief terms, here are the main steps in the production of an agricultural rum:

• Harvesting the sugarcane
  The cane is cut at maturity, generally between February and June, when it is full of sugar.

• Pressing the cane
  The fresh cane is pressed quickly after cutting to extract the juice, called vesou.

• Fermentation of the cane juice
  The vesou is placed in vats for 24 to 72 hours, where it ferments under the action of natural or selected yeasts, transforming the sugars into alcohol.

• Distillation
  The fermented juice (the cane wine) is distilled, generally in a Creole copper column, to obtain a distillate with an alcohol content of around 70%.

• Resting
  Before being marketed, the white rum is left to rest for several weeks or months so that it softens and harmonizes.

• Possible aging
  To obtain an amber or aged rum, the rum is matured in oak barrels for several years (at least 3 years to be considered "aged rum" according to the Martinique AOC).

• Bottling
  The rum is reduced to its final strength (often between 40 and 55%) with pure water, filtered, and then bottled.

White Agricole Rum: The Ideal Base for Cocktails

White agricole rum is one of the pillars of mixology. Made from pure sugarcane juice, this typical rum from the island of Martinique and the Guadeloupe archipelago is renowned for its freshness, aromatic intensity, and its ability to enhance both classic and creative cocktails.

Among the essentials, the Ti-punch remains the iconic drink of the French West Indies. Composed simply of white agricole rum, cane sugar, and a twist of lime, it highlights all the richness of the natural aromas derived from sugarcane. With an AOC rum from Martinique or an agricole rum from Guadeloupe, the result is authentic, lively, and refreshing.

For lovers of zesty freshness, the Daiquiri, a blend of white rum, lime juice, and sugar syrup, is also a timeless classic. White agricole rum, especially those from distilleries such as HSE or Neisson, brings an incomparable liveliness and length on the palate to this cocktail.

Another iconic cocktail: the Mojito. Although often associated with molasses rum, it takes on a whole new dimension when made with a good white agricole rum. The combination of fresh mint, lime, and sugar pairs perfectly with the vegetal and floral notes of this type of rum, especially when it comes from an artisanal distillery in Martinique or Guadeloupe.

For more complex creations, white agricultural rum can also be used in cocktails such as the Planteur or the Mai Tai. These recipes allow you to explore the full diversity of agricultural rums, whether they come from Marie-Galante, Basse-Terre, or Martinique !

Old rums and amber rums: complexity and aromatic richness

If you are looking for rums with a strong character, don’t miss our old rums. Whether they are made from molasses or agricultural, these rums aged in oak barrels offer powerful and deep aromas, perfect for connoisseurs.These casks can be new, but in most cases, they have previously contained other spirits or alcohol such as whisky, bourbon, or even wine. The type of cask greatly influences the aromas and flavor notes you will find in your aged or amber rum during tasting.

Aged agricultural rum is often considered one of the finest rums available, thanks to its complex cane flavors blending with the vanilla sweetness of the casks. Each sip is truly a real sensory journey!

Martinique and its AOC agricultural rum

Today, Martinique is the only region in the world to benefit from a Protected Designation of Origin (AOC) for its rum.This official recognition, obtained in 1996, crowns centuries of sugar-making tradition and a unique expertise in the production of agricultural rum, a spirit crafted from the pure juice of freshly pressed sugar cane.

The Martinique AOC is inspired by the French wine model: it strictly regulates the varieties (here, the types of cane), cultivation methods, the time between cutting and pressing, yields per hectare, fermentation, distillation, and even aging. The objective is clear: to protect authenticity, ensure quality, and highlight the unique terroir of Martinique.

Agricultural rums from Martinique are renowned for their aromatic intensity, vegetal freshness, and natural balance.Among the iconic houses, we find HSE (Habitation Saint-Étienne), renowned for its original finishes in whisky, sherry, or wine casks, which give rise to modern and bold cuvées.

Saint-James, one of the oldest distilleries on the island, is also a historic figure, known for the power and straightforwardness of its aged rums. Depaz, nestled at the foot of Montagne Pelée, embodies a more structured and distinguished style, true to its volcanic terroir. Neisson, with its small artisanal production, appeals to purists thanks to its remarkably precise rums, true expressions of fresh sugarcane.

In short, the Martinique AOC not only makes this island unique in the world of rum, but also demonstrates a deep commitment to origin, terroir, and expertise, while ensuring consumers impeccable traceability and quality.

Age statements in rum

Here is a clear summary of age statements in rum, particularly those from the French classification, often used for agricultural rums from the Antilles (notably Martinique and Guadeloupe), and inspired by the Cognac systems.

• Old Agricole Rum: Aged for at least 3 years in oak barrels

• VO / VS (Very Old / Very Special) : Rum also aged for at least 3 years.

• VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale) : Minimum aging of 4 years in barrels.

• XO (Extra Old): Aged for at least 6 years in barrels.

• Extra-aged: Not strictly regulated, but often used for rums aged over 10 years, sometimes much longer.

Note that the age statement on a rum always specifies the age of the youngest rum present in the blend, not an average.

Agricultural rum for every budget

Whether you are looking for an affordable bottle of agricultural rum for a homemade cocktail, or a rare and premium bottle to complete your collection, La Cave Éclairée offers you a wide selection. Our prices are competitive while ensuring optimal quality, and we strive to offer you the best options for every occasion.

Don't wait any longer to explore our collection and order your next exceptional agricultural rum today!